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Capturing Missing Tuples and Missing Values

机译:捕获丢失的元组和缺失的值

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摘要

Databases in real life are often neither entirely closed-world nor entirely open-world. Indeed, databases in an enterprise are typically partially closed, in which a part of the data is constrained by master data that contains complete information about the enterprise in certain aspects. It has been shown that despite missing tuples, such a database may turn out to have complete information for answering a query. This paper studies partially closed databases from which both tuples and attribute values may be missing. We specify such a database in terms of conditional tables constrained by master data, referred to as c-instances. We first propose three models to characterize whether a c-instance T is complete for a query Q relative to master data. That is, depending on how missing values in T are instantiated, the answer to Q in T remains unchanged when new tuples are added. We then investigate three problems, to determine (a) whether a given c-instance is complete for a query Q, (b) whether there exists a c-instance that is complete for Q relative to master data available, and (c) whether a c-instance is a minimal-size database that is complete for Q. We establish matching lower and upper bounds on these problems for queries expressed in a variety of languages, in each of the three models for specifying relative completeness.
机译:现实生活中的数据库通常既不是完全封闭的世界也不是完全开放的世界。实际上,企业中的数据库通常是部分关闭的,其中一部分数据受到包含某些方面有关企业的完整信息的主数据的约束。已经表明,尽管缺少元组,但这样的数据库可能具有用于回答查询的完整信息。本文研究了部分封闭的数据库,其中可能缺少元组和属性值。我们用受主数据约束的条件表(称为c实例)来指定这样的数据库。我们首先提出三个模型来表征相对于主数据的查询Q的c实例T是否完整。也就是说,根据如何实例化T中的缺失值,当添加新的元组时,对T中Q的答案将保持不变。然后,我们调查三个问题,以确定(a)对于查询Q而言,给定的c实例是否完整;(b)相对于可用的主数据,是否存在对于Q而言完整的c实例;以及(c)是否存在c实例是一个完整的最小尺寸数据库,可以满足Q的要求。在三种用于指定相对完整性的模型中,我们针对这些问题建立了匹配的上下限,以各种语言表示的查询。

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